JF Ptak Science Books Post 1306
Its a little difficult to think of Ellsworth Kelly, Jacques Villon, Grant Wood, Laslo Moholy-Nagy and Thomas Hart Benton as painters-for-war. But its true, and true for many of hundreds of other artists in the 1915-1918 era. Its not as though they were in the trenches gunning down the enemy or lobbing hand grenades into the swirling gunsmoke. They were camofleurs, camouflage1 experts, artists employed as magicians, Wartime Magi, employed/drafted to make ships and such disappear.
Ever since it was (sort of) first noticed in 1915 that designs odd to the environment, stark geometric patterns and such, were capable of fooling the eye, people with design capacity were pressed into service, rendering offensive and defensive instruments of war optically semi-impervious with variations of the then-five-year-old modern nonrepresentational art. That must've been a very odd position to wake up to every morning.
Of course the idea of camouflage in the animal world is probably 250 million years old--animals and insects have been blending into their environment for eons, and I'm sure too that early hominids did their fair share of walking behind brush. But the idea of hiding great amalgamations of very heavy metal with paint is really quite modern.
In this photograph (available at our blog bookstore), the camouflage is more a more futuristic conception of art than the abstract and cubist approaches that were taken during the war, this looking more like assemblages of found material more than anything else. And, according to the text that accompanied the photograph (which comes from 1918, from the Underwood & Underwood news photo service agency), the camouflage--empty sandbags thrown on a barbed wire fence) successfully concealed a gunnery emplacement for months on end.
Notes
1. A fine bibliography on camouflage appears here, at Leonardo Online.
The different philosophies are interesting: actually hiding things vs. fazing the observer. The early dazzle camouflage used for ships couldn't hide a ship's existence, but made observation of speed and heading a lot more difficult.
Posted by: Ray Girvan | 29 December 2010 at 10:45 PM
Yes, you're right Ray--camouflage has a very interesting and complex history, something I've been interested in for a long time. Not only for the physio and other -ogical aspects of it, but also for its rubbing up against counterfeiting and deception in general (as in something like Gaddis' The recognitions. Fascinating topic to me. And thanks!
Posted by: John F. Ptak | 30 December 2010 at 12:47 AM