JF Ptak Science Books

History of Heavy: German Graphical Design, 1925

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I've posted before under this title (just scout under "German design" in the google box) and decided to add this one because of its heavy-obviousness, and also because of a heavy-missing element.  The image in question is from an ad in an odd publication celebrating/promoting Essen businesses, Essener Pressefest, 1925--at least that is what I think it is. The pamphlet has a lot of advertising from what looks to be small firms, but there is nothing there whatsoever regarding Krupp, which had been established in Essen for two centuries at least. Nor were there any other ads for anything else in the heavy department or what could have led to the city being called the Armament Maker of the Reich, and which would ultimately lead to Essen being mainly totally razed after 270-odd Allied bombing raids on the city during WWII.  So, no Krupp, but there was a two-page illustrated something-or-other on marionette theaters--marionettes, puppets, paper theater all have their place in the world, but I wonder what the place was when Krupp et alia are nowhere to be found?  No doubt I'm missing something, or everything--perhaps it had to do with Versailles and the focus was beyond iron works? I don't know. Anyway, here's the ad:

 

 

Striking Anti-Nazi Work on the Subjugation of Women, 1931

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Wilhelm Hoegner was an early and influential opponent of Adolf Hitler and the NSDAP--a very early opponent, having been involved in the investigation of Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch in 1923.  He maintained his strong opposition as a member of the Reichstag from 1930-1933; after the elections and after Hitler consolidated his power in 1933, Hoegner's position became "untenable" in Germany and he left for Austria, and by 1934 he was situated as a journalist in Switzerland.  He played a prominent role in German postwar politics, and died in 1980. 

Hoegner wrote Die Frau im Dritten Reich  in 1931 as a warning to all about the totalitarian possibilities of the Nazis, and in particular of the tyranny against women--the result is pretty much evident on the very striking cover of his pamphlet.

The Swastika as a Rising Sun--Linz, ca. 1935

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Judging from the cover art it is not necessarily clear what is going on with that swastika. But given the question in the title ("Can Austria Still Be Saved?") and the publisher, the NSDAP's Volkstimme (Linz) leaves little doubt that the swastika is a rising sun rather than setting.  I can't find another title in the OCLC/WorldCat--which makes this piece of propaganda rare--and which means that I can't date it precisely, though I would say it was printed prior to the annexation in 1938 (though the design definitely has an earlier touch to it...)  There is a mention of the Gauleitung der N.S.D.A.P. and the Hitlerbewegung located at Goethestrasse 7 in Linz--and since the Nazis were suppressed under Dollfuss from 1932-1934, which means this document may have been printed in the mid/late 1930's.  

Dreamy Typewriter Ads--Berlin, 1914

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This ad appeared at the top-quarter of a page in Illustrirte Zeitung for July 1914, a month before the beginning of the war--these creative and colorful stamps (each only about one inch tall) were made to attract readers of the weekly magazine to the fine typewriters produced by Groyen & Richtmann of Cologne and Berlin.

And the details (the first showing a Reuters reporter on a camel somewhere in the Sudan):

Before the Storm Comes the Chocolate (1923)

JF Ptak Science Books  Post 2508

1923 was a tough year for most Germans so far as chocolate was concerned, though Riquet (the advertiser in the striking graphic, below) was promoting their ("enchanting" and "irresistible") goods very prominently, so I guess there was still some good demand for it no matter what happened to the fabric of social/economic Germany.  But it was in January--when this ad was published in Illustrirte Zeitung--that things started to go very badly for Germany.  By the end of 1922 it was apparent in Germany that they could make their next reparations installment payment (in January, 1923); the French and Belgians, among others, didn't believe it and got very quickly pissed, and within days responded very aggressively, militarily occupying the Ruhr district. The Ruhr was home to German industry and electrical production, and manufactures in general, and the government-led response to the invading force was peaceful though it did  call on the workers to go on a general strike. And so it came to pass that no production to speak of was happening, and the tight-cashed German government, which was still under obligation to pay the strikers, did so, but created the money out of nothing,  just printing it as necessary.  This would be the start of  a disaster that would lead to a greatly debilitating and damaging hyper-inflation, which helped pave the way to a failure of the Weimar government, and finally helping to give rise to Adolf Hitler--it was all downhill from there.  

Chocolate of course had been around for a long time by this point--especially in Central and South America, where it reaches back about 3700 years to to Olmecs, and carried forward to the Aztecs. Christopher Columbus bumped into it during his fourth voyage, but chocolate as "chocolate" really didn't make it to high society consumption until the late 16th century; then some more years, until in the early 17th century came the chocolate craze, eventually winding its way to anyone with a little disposable income, to the modern day when some chocolates (like Hershey Kisses) are hardly chocolate anymore, but have the near-scent of it.

At this point in 1923, five years after the war, and more years than that into a crippled economy, it would have been a luxury for most people in Germany to be able to afford some of this Riquet chocolate.  It was certainly not uncommon to see advertisements for luxury goods during hard times, though.  Having looked at every page of the popular weekly magazines like the Illustrated London News, Illustrirte Zeitung, and Scientific American for the 1914-1918 period,  I can safely but not experimentally say that there was plenty of advertising revenue collected by these mags for the sale of luxury goods. This extends too to Life magazine for 1936-1945, where there was also "a lot" of advertisement for common and semi-luxurious goods that wrapped themselves up in patriotic war efforts (cigarettes are among the most conspicuous of these win-the-war/smoke-Lucky-Strikes ad campaigns).

I'm not taking issue with Ricquet, not at all--I think that the ad was simply "standard".  But it did strike me as being somewhat loaded with potential zeitgeist, like the ad I found for traveling to Czechoslovakia for "wintertime fun!" dated October 1, 1938.  

EyePunk: Bare-Knuckle German Design, 1923

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[Part of the series on German Design]

Form my experience in looking at hundreds of thousands of images over the decades that I have semi-operated an antique image store, I can say that--especially with cartoon characters--the  main character of an image seldom looks directly and full-faced into the eyes of the viewer.  It is very uncommon.  That is one of the reasons why this ad for Mercedes motorcars (found in the pages of the Illustrirte Zeitung (Leipzig) for 1923) made such an impact--that, and the great and urgent/insisting design.  

This is a detail from the 5x3" original:

Its a good piece of design. 

GEAR-PUNK: German Technical Advertising Art, 1920's

JF Ptak Science Books    Quick Post  [Part of a series on German Design]

Two odd pieces of German technical literature stared up at me from the bottom of a box of such things, both of which contained excellent examples of advertising technical art in addition to their technical content. But it just so happens that in this case the artwork that helped pay for the publication of the previously interesting and important technical and scientific information is of more interest now than the information wrapped around the ads. The sources of these images include the Festschrift zum Hundertjahringen Bestechen der Zeitschrift of the Dinglers polytechnisches Journal (1920), and Wirtschafliche Technik...Organ des Bundes Detscher Civil-Ingenieurre (1920).  Somehow the ads retain a certian light touch in the midst of their occasionally massive heaviness.  Or perhaps it is just robustness, solidity?  If nothing else there are an artistic anti-approach to what was going on in the world of art, the opposite of the disappearance of concrete or natural forms and replacing them with ideas and colors. 

Again, these are just two slim issues of rather obscure journals.  I'll add to this collection in the German Design section as they come up. 

German Weimar-era Advert Artwork, 1923

 

JF Ptak Science Books  Post 1857

The following ads appear in just three weekly issues of the LIFE-magazine-like Illustrirte Zeitung (Leipzig).  Generally the ads are crowded onto the 15-inch-tall pages--sometimes as many as 15 to a page.  Their design is remarkable, and artful, and effective.  Plus, they're chock-a-block full of smaller design elements.  For example, this one is one of my favorites for this period:

I actually used it for the "Open" sign for my store back in Georgetown so many years ago oh my brothers.  That was before I discovered that it has a major problematic problem--it was designed by one of the greatest German designers of the time, Ludwig Hollwein, who also happened to be "a" (and then "the") principle designer for propaganda/posters for the National Socialists, and that from the early period (1933) right on through the end of the war. 

There was more to worry about than simply selling Germany's oldest champagne, but of course many were immune to worry.  When this ad ran for Kessler champagne, hyperinflation had struck very deeply into thew Weimar Republic, with the U.S. dollar trading at 1:27,000 Marks. Even in January 1919 inflation wasn't bad, with the dollar at 1:9 Marks (up from 1:5 in January 1918), but the simple tale of a long story is that the Weimar Republic kept printing money, and things got completely out of control, with the dollar trading in December of 1923 at 1:1.2 trillion Marks, which was a fertile seeding bed for National Socialism. 

This one is actually quite large, about a half-page, trying to sell the idea of the Reichenberger Zeitung to both the privileged and the working classes (the newspaper, which began in 1860, would not survive the Nazis, going belly-up in 1935):

Well, I don't mean for this post to be very writer-y; I just wanted to post some of the images from these issues.  There's really a lot to choose from, but these twenty or so will have to do for now: 

This one is about an inch tall in the magazine:

Another tiny ad, this for a mechanical calculator:

German Decorative Painting in Biedermeier and the New Style (or Jugendstil), 1907

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This beautifully illustrated 1907 German book¹ seems to me to be a sales catalog for a company selling flat-masks, or templates, through which desirable and somewhat complicated (or at last complex) painting may be produced.  A customer could leaf through this book of 60 designs which are arranged according to room type, and perhaps, if the fancy struck, could purchase the sheets and instructions necessary for the job to be done.  For example, plate #44 (Reggie Jackson's number in the great summer of 1977), the "Pause mit Hilfsschablone" (its identifier in the "Preisliste" and offered at 10 Marks) is meant to decorate a wall for a stairway. 

The great bulk of the designs are those for ceilings, and ceiling corners, as well as for wall designs and the small bits that run slightly above the floor and the wall (I'm sorry, but I don't know the technical term for this).

In any event it is a very surprising work to find--for me, at least--to see someone selling the possibilities of such advanced design motifs in a simple, order-it-from-our-catalog format.  [The catalog is available for purchase from the blog bookstore, here.]

German Design--Communist Election Material, 1932

JF Ptak Science Books  Post 1561

There have been some fits and starts in dedicating an effort to posting some examples of German book illustration from the period between-the-wars.  There have been just a few thus far on this blog, though my intention is to place a hundred of the interesting bits in the collection here--most of these are pamphlets, and the vast majority do not make an appearance in the WorldCat database, which means that they are not catalogued/located in any library collection anywhere in the world.  Of course some folks say that pamphlets are a somewhat different category from books, and so don't get catalogued as frequently, and therefore may actually exist in some number in these libraries--but if the library doesn't know whether they have a particular title or not basically means that the book or pamphlet just isn't there.  In the majority of circumstances, "we don't know if we have it" = "its not here", which pretty much means that for official purposes, the thing doesn't exist.

And so to today's installment:  Das Gesicht der Hungersanierung, Agitationsmaterial No.2, which seems to me to be a statistical handbook for a member of Germany's Communist Party (KPD, the Kommunist Partei Deutschland), a very short primer on the status of the general working-poor laborer, inflation and unemployment --and how whoever published this pamphlet could help its redaer. 

The pamphlet does have a distinctive Communist Party taste to it, and certainly the title of one of the full-page illustrations seems to identify itself as such:  "So Kampft die Rote EInheitsfront!".  Given the leaning of the rhetoric, and the assault on the controllers of industry, and its dislike for Fascists, it leads me to believe that this is KPD (though I hasten to add that I am hardly any sort of expert on Germany politics of the early 1930's). 

There is some fair amount of the content of this pamphlet that appears on the facade of the KPD headquarters, painted right on the bricks of the Berlin building, as it stood in 1932.  THe party would have a very short life after that--Hitler and the Nazis would arrest the leaders of the party right there in that building in January, 1933, once Hitler had consolidated his power. On gaining the Chancellorship, Hitler took care to eliminate the KPD as much

as possible, imprisoning thousands of Party members in concentration camps as early as that same year, 1933. 

The Communist Party did after all control some amount of the Parliament, finishing so (see tables below) in the 1932 elections; but the big loser of course was Hindenburg, and the rest of the world.

This short, oversized pamphlet was no doubt constructed hurredly, emphasizing the control of the owners of the means of production over the worker, displayed on the cover by the giant "boss" with one hand around the worker's neck and the other in his pocket, bolstered on the interior few pages with statistics.  But there was little, really, to say about the Nazis themselves, which makes me think that this was printed before that final vote in July. 

Design Bits from Germany, 1920

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(I should point out an earlier post on this blog on radium suppositories and toothpaste, here.)

These images come from one page of advertisements for issue 3991 of the Illustrirte Zeitung (Leipzig), for 1920. The page itself is about 15x10 inches, and is covered with a dozen or so ads, most of them pretty small.  There's a lot of design going on in those small places, and a lot of it seems pretty "heavy" to me--that in spite of their size, they have a certain weight to them.  Perhaps its the big thick lines, or the very free use of deep black, or the obese typeface.  I'm not sure.  But I like them.

The ad above is for the mystery product "Radium Cakes" that seems to be a quack something-or-other produced by Radium-Cakes-Werke of Berlin, and was recommended  for hte sick and convalescent, and highly approved by doctors, pharmacists and chemists.  I don't have any idea if there was radium being ingested or not--and this 22 years after Mme. Curie discovered it.  The colors seem right, though...

Ich bin Rafiert! 

An interesting and tiny (less than one inch tall in the original) illustration for an electrical vacuum "Waku", sold from Chenmitz.

 

 

 

German Art Between the Wars

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As it turns out there is a low-level significant assembly of published German art and book covers here in the Rancho Deluxe--its not a collection because that would imply too much order; it is barely an assembly.  There's just a lot of it here, segregated, because I liked whatever it was/is.

These are some examples of a life-underground, or underground actions, that appeared in the pages of the great illustrated newspaper, the Illustrirte Zeitung.

The first is by Willi Munch(-khe), a Jugendstil artist (1885-1961), a very expressive, and dark, interpretation of what should be done with German politicians in the ripe days following the end of WWI.  This image, published aorund 1922/23, shows a decorated and fancy spats-wearing politician being booted into the hole of hell.  The book he is carrying (Geheme Kabinet-Politik Aller Landes/Secret Political Rules of Our Country or thereabouts), seems to be broken, its pages spilling out to feed the fires of the nasty inferno, lighting and heating the way for the failing pol as the devils and monsters await his arrival, much to the controlled agreement of the monster-y spectators in the hell galleries. 

We can guess why the man/symbol is being sent to the ring of fire--the tattered, worn, hobnailed boot with the old patched pants above, the myriad of tombstones, the water-filled bomb craters,m the completely shattered trees, the bombed out cities, and of course the witches and death riding a speckled fire-breathing horse in a dark sky, pretty much round out the picture of "why".  Several years after the end of the war and into a problematic realm of the democratic Weimar Republic, and just freshly into the hyperinflation that wiped out whatever the middle class had managed to save (banknote denominations climbing to literally astronomical levels, reaching 1x10¹⁴), there was a lot to complain about. 

German Propaganda, 1929--a Call to Militarization

JF Ptka Science Books  Post 1168

[One of a long series of posts on propaganda--enter this term in the search box at left to see the listing.]

In my "reading" of the Illustrirte Zeitung (Leipzig) I found this full-page illustrative representation of data (11 April 1929), one of the earliest propoagandist pieces (to my mind) in that magazine, showing the state--and great height--of militaristic weakeness in Germany, one of the lowest points that it reached in the breathing space between the two wars. It was really a picture of nothingness, a mention of the lost possibilities, and also what needed to be done--it was an early call to attention, to arms, to the reconsider of the Paris agreement, of doing "something". Four years later the rearming business would be kicking into action, six years and five months later, the Second World War would start in earnest.

"Abruestung? Aufruestung!" is the name of the article-ette (roughly shouting Disarmament? ARMAMENT!, or Disarm? ARM!), basically stating that enough was enough, and that now was the time to start the process of having a military again.

Every Germany (basically) would've known these facts, but seeing the representations of their zero-strength force of planes and tanks would've been an enormous blow.  And it was intended to be so.

 

 

 

German Design Elements: Miniature Advertising Art, 1880-1930

JF Ptak Science Books LLC  Post 1006

The Illustriete Zeitung, published in Leipzig beginning in 1855,  was a popular, middle-road/middle-class Life-like magazine.  I have a long run of this big, well-written, sumptuously-illustrated journal, beginning about 1870 and extending though the end of the war in 1945, and at this point I've looked through just about every issue. It is fascinating on many levels, and has proved to be a valuable source of historical minutiae as well as an excellent  resource for images and graphical displays of quantitative data. One aspect that I've never looked at very closely though are the advertisements--actually, the miniature advertisements. There are thousands of them sprinkled throughout the magazine, the thyme on the rice, the za'tar on the bagel.  

Here are three decent  examples showing the complexity and superior design of these little bits:  the top-right image is only an inch square, and was published in 1924;   the slim image just above is only an inch tall, while the example below-right is smaller yet, about a third (!) of an inch 'round.

I've decided to begin to reproduce some of them here, mainly because so many of them are gorgeous design elements, many of which just don't exist past the pages of this journal. 

 

One thing that I've done with them is to construct "Onkel Karl's Berlin Glass Diary", a series of microscope slides with these small images as specimens illustrating the imaginary diary of Karl Muefler as he strolls the streets of Berlin in 1925 looking for "missing paper".  The original images are all very small, generally smaller than an American penny, and can be fantastic: sometimes there are thirty of them clustered on one of the Illustriete Zeitung's back advertising pages.

I'll return to this category from time to time and add more images, hopefully compiling several hundred or so examples.   

  

Image is 1.5 inches tall and printed in 1930.

Image is 2 inches square, printed 1938.

 

Image is 2 inches square and printed in 1938.

 

(This image is less than half-an-inch tall, printed 1919)

This image measures about 1/3 inch, printed 1925.

Image meaures about 1.5 inches tall, printed 1919.

 

(This measures about 1/3 inch, printed 1882.)